Sunday's Class 26-03-2017

السلام عليكم، يا أيها الطلاب
During the past two weeks we've covered some common nouns.
This is part of Lesson 10:

-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. LESSON 10  .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-

كَلِمَةٌ

33

a word

10.1  Words such as كَلِمَةٌ [33] and جُمْلَةٌ [35] are common nouns.  All common nouns in Arabic will be either masculine, such as اِسْمٌ [45] below or feminine like the words above ([33] and [35]).  The feminine words can often be identified by their final letter - the round taa (ــة|ة). 

10.2  Most common nouns in Arabic end in đammatayn (ــــٌـــ) , which will be read as un.  This un-sound will however be dropped whenever there is a pause after the word.  The words above [33 and 35] will thus be read/ pronounced kalimah (كَلِمَةٌ) and jumlah (جُمْلَةٌ) instead of kalimatun and jumlatun. Ismun (اِسْمٌ) [45] and baytun (بَيْتٌ) [69] will be pronounced ism and bayt.

10.3  Read the following:

كَلِمَةٌ	33	a word
اُكْتُبْ كَلِمَةً!	34	Write a word!
جُمْلَةٌ	35	a sentence
اِقْرَأْ جُمْلَةً!	36	Read a sentence!
مِنْ فَضْلِكَ، مِنْ فَضْلِكِ	37	Please

10.4  Here is a list of some more masculine common nouns:

1	2	3	4	5
كِتَابٌ	قَلَمٌ	دَرْسٌ	مَنْزِلٌ	فَصْلٌ
Book	pen	lesson	house	classroom
6	7	8	9	10
كَلْبٌ	حِصَانٌ	طَيْرٌ	رَجُلٌ	وَلَدٌ
dog	horse	bird	man	boy
11	12	13	14	15
أَبٌ	سَيِّدٌ	إِبْنٌ	صَدِيقٌ	عَمَلٌ
father	Mr/ sir	son	friend	work
16	17	18	19	20
ثَوْبٌ	سُؤَالٌ	جَوَابٌ	خُبْزٌ	حَلِيبٌ
garment	question	answer	bread	milk

10.5  Here is a list of some more feminine common nouns:

1	2	3	4	5
مَجَلَّةٌ	مِكْنَسَةٌ	مِمْسَحَةٌ	مِرْوَحَةٌ	اِمْرَأَةٌ
magazine	broom	duster	fan	woman
6	7	8	9	10
بِنْتٌ	أُمٌّ	مَكْتَبَةٌ	مَدْرَسَةٌ	حَدِيقَةٌ
girl, daughter	mother	library	school	garden
11	12	13	14	15
غُرْفَةٌ	شَقَّةٌ	سَيِّدَةٌ	سَبُّورَةٌ	يَدٌ
room	apartment	Mrs/ madam	(black)board	hand
16	17	18	19	20
مَلاَبِسُ	كُتُبٌ	أُجْرَةٌ	صَدِيقَةٌ	إِبْنَةٌ
clothes	books	fee	friend	daughter

10.6  More characteristics of common nouns:

1.  They can be indefinite or definite (a book كِتَابٌ / the book  اَلْكِتَابُ);

2.  They can be counted ( one/ two/ ten books);

3.  They can be described ( a small boyوَلَدٌ صَغِيرٌ  /  the tall girl اَلْبِنْتُ الطَّوِيلَةُ ).

10.7  Study the Sun and Moon Letters (Read Arabic Today, p56).

We also covered the following exercises:

10.8  Compare the following definite and indefinite nouns (which start with Moon Letters):

	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
1	كِتَابٌ	اَلْكِتَابُ	2	وَلَدٌ	اَلْوَلَدُ
3	أَبٌ	اَلْأَبُ	4	اِبْنٌ	اَلْاِبْنُ
5	مِرْوَحَةٌ	اَلْمِرْوَحَةُ	6	غُرْفَةٌ	اَلْغُرْفَةُ
7	أُجْرَةٌ	اَلْأُجْرَةُ	8	اِبْنَةٌ	اَلْاِبْنَةُ

10.9 Now make the following nouns definite:

	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
1	قَلَمٌ		2	أُمٌّ
3	فَصْلٌ		4	يَدٌ
5	مَنْزِلٌ		6	مَكْتَبَةٌ
7	كَلْبٌ		8	كُتُبٌ
9	حِصَانٌ		10	بِنْتٌ

10.10  Compare the following definite and indefinite nouns (which start with Sun Letters):

	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
1	دَرْسٌ	اَلدَّرْسُ	2	رَجُلٌ	اَلرَّجُلُ
3	طَيْرٌ	اَلطَّيْرُ	4	ثَوْبٌ	اَلثَّوْبُ
5	سُؤَالٌ	اَلسُّؤَالُ	6	سَيِّدٌ	اَلسَّيِّدُ
7	سَبُّورَةٌ	اَلسَّبُّورَةُ	8	شَقَّةٌ	اَلشَّقَّةُ
9	صَدِيقَةٌ	اَلصَّدِيقَةُ	10	سَيِّدَةٌ	اَلسَّيِّدَةُ

All students must be able to read and write all these words.  They must complete exercise 10.9 by writing in the definite form of the words.  They need to be able to distinguish between Sun and Moon Letters and know the significance of these letters.

We also started with Lesson 5, which we left so that the students could familiarize themselves with more nouns first.  In Lesson 5 we covered pp 11-13 of the notes:

Please revise the following:

-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. LESSON 5  .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-

تَكَلَّمْ!

13

Speak!

5.1  The verb تَكَلَّمْ (Speak!) [13] is also a command verb like the verbs mentioned above, however it is a Form V (5) verb.  Verbs of this form start with تَ and have a shaddah  (ـــّـــ) on the middle root letter (ل) . 

5.2  The root letters (which are usually three) of the verb تَكَلَّمْ  are  ك ل م .  The تَ  and the shaddah  (ـــّـــ) have been added.  The pattern of the Form V command verb is thus:  (تَ ـــَــ ــــَّــ ـــْـــ) تَفَعَّلْ.

5.3  In the Past Tense form of these verbs the final letter also gets a fatħah . The command تَكَلَّمْ    will thus be تَكَلَّمَ  (He spoke.) in the Past Tense.

5.4  The verb تَكَلَّمْ will end in kasrah if followed by الْ , eg:  تَكَلَّمِ الْعَرَبِيَّة!.  The same will happen to other command verbs of this or any other form (see 3.3 above).

5.4  Here are some more examples of verbs of this form: 

1	2	3	4	5
تَعَلَّمْ	تَقَبَّلْ	تَذَكَّرْ	تَأَكَدْ	تَشَكَّرْ
Learn!	Accept!	Remember!	Be sure!	Be grateful!
6	7	8	9	10
تَصَوَّرْ	تَـمَثَّلْ	تَفَكَّرْ	تَمَهَّلْ	تَوَقَّفْ
Imagine!	Express yourself!	Think!	Slow down!	Stop!

5.5  Read the following: 

تَكَلَّمْ!	13	Speak!
تَكَلَّمِ الْعَرَبِيَّة!	14	Speak Arabic!
اَلْهِنْدِيَّةَ	15	Hindi
تَكَلَّمِ الْهِنْدِيَّةَ!	16	Speak Hindi!
تَكَلَّمِ الْإِنْكِلِيزِيَّةَ!	17	Speak English!

5.6  Study the table below:

1	2	3	4	5
COMMAND VERBS
تَعَلَّمْ	تَقَبَّلْ	تَذَكَّرْ	تَأَكَدْ	تَشَكَّرْ
Learn!	Accept!	Remember!	Be sure!	Be grateful!
ROOT LETTERS
ع ل م	ق ب ل	ذ ك ر	أ ك د	ش ك ر
PAST TENSE VERBS
تَعَلَّمَ	تَقَبَّلَ	تَذَكَّرَ	تَأَكَدَ	تَشَكَّرَ
He learned.	He accepted.	He remembered	He was sure.	He was grateful.

5.7  Here are some more verbs of Form V.  Study them.            

1	2	3	4	5
COMMAND VERBS
تَصَوَّرْ	تَـمَثَّلْ	تَفَكَّرْ	تَمَهَّلْ	تَوَقَّفْ
Imagine!	Express yourself!	Think!	Slow down!	Stop!
ROOT LETTERS
صور	مثل	فكر	مهل	وقف
PAST TENSE VERBS
تَصَوَّرَ	تَـمَثَّلَ	تَفَكَّرَ	تَمَهَّلَ	تَوَقَّفَ
He imagined.	He expressed himself.	He thought.	He slowed down.	He stopped.

5.8  Translate the following sentences orally into Arabic:

1	Speak Arabic!	11	Write Russian!
2	Read English!	12	Learn German!
3	Write Afrikaans!	13	Speak English!
4	Learn Japanese!	14	Read Hindi!
5	Speak Urdu!	15	Learn Portugese!
6	Read Zulu!	16	Speak Egyptian (Arabic)!
7	Speak French!	17	Write Moroccan (Arabic)!
8	Read Chinese!	18	Learn Saudi (Arabic)!
9	Write Italian!	19	Speak Turkish.
10	Learn Arabic!	20	Read Afrikaans!

EXERCISE:  Students must find pictures to represent all the nouns on page 19, i.e. 10.4 and 10.5

Enjoy!